Union–find

유니온 파인드

Quickly checks whether items belong to the same component and merges components.

Also known as: Disjoint-set unionDSU
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html
<canvas id="stage"></canvas><div class="controls"><button id="restart" type="button">처음부터</button><button id="step" type="button">한 단계</button><label>속도 <input id="speed" type="range" min="1" max="5" value="3"></label></div>
css
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js
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Imagine everybody starting in a team of one and merging teams as connections appear. Vertices with the same color in the demo share a component; adding an edge merges colors.

find follows parent pointers to a component's root; union joins two different roots. Path compression attaches encountered nodes directly to the root, and union by size or rank keeps trees shallow. Together they give O(α(V)) amortized time per operation, effectively tiny for practical sizes.

Use it for connectivity as edges are added and for cycle checks in Kruskal's algorithm. Ordinary union–find does not directly undo a merge when an edge is deleted.

When to use

Use for repeated connectivity queries while adding links. Deletion needs a different approach.

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